As an exemplary investor and good neighbour, we attach great importance to establishing and developing relationships with local government authorities. We engage representatives of voivodeships, counties and communes in the entire investment process. We provide the local government administration with comprehensive and reliable information on the projects, while presenting the benefits for the commune.
IMPACT ON SOCIETY AND EMPLOYEES (S)Cooperation with local governments
Cooperation with local governments
PSE's ongoing efforts to build awareness of the importance of the projects:
- designing route proposals in cooperation with local authorities during the Feasibility Study preparation stage,
- direct talks with mayors and commune leaders regarding the final shape of the project,
- presentations as part of commune council sessions dedicated to projects,
- on-call information sessions for local communities to hear out the opinions and suggestions on the optimum project route in a given area,
- involving mayors, heads of communes and councillors, as well as representatives of these authorities, in downstream communication activities during further project steps (e.g. educational programmes, participation in meetings, conferences, consultations with residents, etc.),
- organisation of study visits in the surroundings of the existing energy infrastructure in the region conducted by specialists from an accredited laboratory specializing in the measurement of the electromagnetic field (PEM) impact,
- organisation of site inspections showing the immediate surroundings of the project after its completion,
- cooperation with local media journalists in order to inform about the progress of the project,
- constant contact with investment stakeholders via hotlines and information points, ensuring two-way communication between the investor and residents,
- distribution of informational materials to help in talks with residents (project website, information brochures, Q&A documents, information and educational videos).
PSE's educational and information campaigns in support of building awareness of the importance of the project:
- establishment of special project information points,
- implementation of local educational programmes in the schools of the communes covered by projects to answer questions and address concerns,
- supporting local social action and initiatives of local government authorities,
- organisation of meetings with experts in the field of energy, impact on human and animal health and life, doctors, breeders, etc. – as required,
- gaining the support of local media, associations and residents for the project through meetings and engaging them in the communication process.
When implementing power engineering investments, we have a common goal
meetings and information events for projects implemented between 2016 and 2021.
Impact of projects on the local economy
Construction of the 400 kV Ostrołęka-Stanisławów line
The construction of 400 kV Ostrołęka–Stanisławów electrical power line is a project of strategic importance for the Mazovian Voivodeship. The estimated length of the route is about 100 km. Currently, the Warsaw agglomeration and Ostrołęka are connected by a 220 kV line built in the early 1970s. With increasing energy demand and planned changes in the generation profile, the current line is no longer sufficient, and due to its age, it is also more susceptible to failures and extreme weather conditions. The new 400 kV line will help to increase the volume of energy transmitted while reducing losses and having less impact on the environment.
Harmony Link ─ submarine cable connection between Poland and Lithuania
The Poland–Lithuania power connection known as Harmony Link is an element of a European Union strategic project concerning the synchronisation of the Baltic countries with the power network of Western Europe. The project is implemented jointly by PSE and LitGrid – the Transmission System Operators of Poland and Lithuania. This connection will require laying two High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cables on the seabed and burying them (in the onshore part). The connection point to the Polish Power System in Poland will be Żarnowiec power substation (SE Żarnowiec) and in Lithuania it will be Darbenai substation.
The cable connection is a modern technology that allows to reduce transmission losses, and owing to the marine connection the impact of the project on the environmentally sensitive areas in the north-eastern Poland will be limited.
Offshore Wind Farm Project
Our organisation is preparing to carry out projects related to power output from offshore wind farms (OWF) planned in the Baltic Sea. The projected capacity of the OWF was determined in the draft Polish Energy Policy until 2040 at more than 8 GW, or nearly 20 percent of the country's total rated capacity. Offshore Wind Farms will be a major component of Poland's energy transition and will therefore be of considerable importance for the Polish Power System. However, for the Offshore Wind Farms to be constructed, the transmission grid in the Pomeranian area requires significant reinforcement. PSE will analyse a number of projects that will enable safe and efficient power output from wind turbines to every corner of Poland. These projects will also improve the energy security of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and make it the largest supplier of renewable energy in the country. The scale of the projects is best demonstrated in numbers: the investment projects cover 1 voivodeship, 5 counties, 22 communes, and nearly 80 villages. With as many as 250 km of lines to be built in that area, there are thousands of properties along the routes of completely new runs.
Construction of the 400 kV Dunowo-Żydowo Kierzkowo-Piła Krzewina line
The currently existing single-circuit overhead 220 kV Dunowo–Żydowo–Piła Krzewina electrical power line, built in the 1960s and 1970s, is an important component of the Polish Power System. The project concerns the construction of a new 400 kV double-circuit overhead electrical power line on Dunowo–Żydowo Kierzkowo–Piła Krzewina route. This line will eventually replace the 220 kV line entirely.
The estimated length of the new line is to be around 171 km (Dunowo–Żydowo Kierzkowo section – 53.12 km, Żydowo Kierzkowo–Piła Krzewina section – 118.18 km). The project assumes connecting the network under construction to the retrofitted Dunowo substation, the newly built Żydowo Kierzkowo substation and the retrofitted Piła Krzewina substation.
The construction of the line is an element of a project consisting in creating a transmission system for the purpose of synchronising Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian power systems (Harmony Link).
Impact on local communities
The social and environmental impact of our company's activities is particularly important in the construction of new overhead lines. Implementation of projects is based on the European standards PN-EN 50341 for the design of overhead power lines. We comply with all applicable national regulations on environmental protection, planning and zoning, real property management, construction law, and other provisions of applicable provisions of law.
European standards
The standards used for the design and construction of new lines ensure a high level of reliability for the line operation, a high level of public safety, and minimisation of the line's nuisance to the surrounding environment. In order to reduce tree cutting, in forested areas, we follow the practice of running the line conductors above the forest, so that cutting can be limited to small areas – only at pole post locations.
For the construction of each line, it is necessary to obtain a decision on environmental constraints. According to that decision, at selected points of the line, the conductors or poles are marked with elements visible to birds (silhouettes of birds of prey on lightning towers or warning spirals suspended on conductors). Obstacle marking of the line as an aerial obstacle is also used. Devices, instruments and systems installed in the substations also meet the requirements of European standards, which ensures a high level of reliability of their operation. Solutions are also used to reduce the impact of the substation on its surroundings, including the natural environment. Each grid transformer installed is fitted with an oil pit to protect oil from leaking to the environment in the event of failure.
Establishment of rights to real property
In order to regulate legal relations regarding transmission facilities between transmission companies and real property owners on which such facilities are located, the concept of "utility easement" was introduced to the Civil Code in 2008. The right of utility easement defines the extent to which a transmission entrepreneur may use someone else's real property on which its transmission facilities, i.e. all structures and systems forming power lines, are located or are to be located. The provisions introduced provide the investor with access to the equipment, i.e. poles, conductors and elements of the substation, located on the real property in case of failure, repairs and maintenance.
The servitude of conveyance is a limited right in rem established in the form of a notarial deed on the real property. Its extent is recorded in the land and mortgage register of the encumbered real property.
For the establishment of the servitude of conveyance as part of the investment process, compensation is paid to each real property owner, as well as indemnity for the reduction in the value of the real property.
Before the works begin, we commission valuation reports for each real property involved in the project. The valuation reports are the basis for determining the amount of remuneration and compensation for the land owner. Factors such as the existing value and use of the real property and losses in farmland, crops or harvests caused by the occupation of a portion of the real property by transmission facilities affect the amount of payments. Additional compensation is available for the foundation of a pole. Typically, upon approval and conclusion of a civil contract, owners receive the first installment of compensation. The payment of the second installment is made after the signing of the notarial deed that allows the investor access to the land and the line. Compensation is also granted for damage and loss caused during construction and erection works
If the landowner does not agree to signing a servitude agreement for a public utility project, after full negotiation has been carried out, a negotiation procedure in accordance with the requirements of Article 124 of the Real Property Management Act is initiated. However, this administrative procedure is the last resort in the negotiation process, and before it is used, efforts are made to find a compromise solution.
We do not maintain statistics on the number of servitude of conveyance agreements concluded with real property owners by contractors acting on our behalf. Many thousands of plots are affected annually. We estimate the percentage of concluded agreements at 94-98 percent, with the remaining 2 to 6 percent being administrative orders issued in accordance with Article 124 of the Real Property Management Act.
Number of persons physically and economically relocated and compensation for relocation
As early as at the planning stage of the project location, we make efforts to minimise interference in the area inhabited by people. Where possible, we consider several project location options. We invite representatives of local communities and local authorities to cooperate with us. We strive to ensure that our investments do not involve relocations. Relocation took place in 2021.
Special act
The Transmission Special Act was created to accelerate and facilitate the process of obtaining administrative orders for the implementation of projects related to the expansion and modernisation of electrical power networks. However, it does not release the investor from the obligation to obtain legally required decisions of competent public administration authorities, including the environmental decision. The main purpose of the application of the special act is therefore to discipline administrative procedures and orders. Despite the procedure under the special act, the investor carries out negotiations with real property owners to establish the servitude of conveyance. Projects covered by the special act must be preceded by extensive public consultation, including dialogue with the authorities of relevant local government authorities, with the statutory rights of real property owners fully guaranteed. In the absence of consent from the owner, the investor has the option of forwarding the application to the voivode, who conducts proceedings on determining the location of the Transmission Grid Strategic Project in accordance with the provisions of the special act, specifying to what extent the investor may use the real property in question.
The Transmission Special Act is one of the legal acts designed to facilitate the implementation of projects of strategic importance to state security. Among other things, its provisions make it possible to concentrate the competence to issue key decisions and permits in the hands of a single authority and to regulate the legal issues of individual real properties more quickly. However, the basis of the investor's action is always the amicable establishment of titles to the real property for the needs of project implementation. Administrative procedures are only used after other options have been exhausted.
Impact of the line
All electrical equipment generates electromagnetic field in its vicinity, created by the presence of voltage and by the flow of current. The group of these devices includes the extra high voltage lines. A low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field is created around the line - the same as that produced by a vacuum cleaner or washing machine, electrical appliances used in every home. The electromagnetic field impact is often discussed in terms of its potential effects on human health.
The results of research conducted around the world so far do not confirm the concerns about the negative impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on human health or other living organisms, but neither do they exclude such an impact. For this reason, in Poland and throughout the European Union, appropriate regulations have been established, specifying the permissible impact of power facilities with a large margin of safety. Our company strictly adheres to applicable regulations. Before a facility is put into operation, electromagnetic field measurements are taken, the results of which are then verified by environmental authorities, ruling out the possibility of non-compliance.
For each implemented project, we prepare guides for local communities with reliable information about the project and its impact on the environment. The impact of electromagnetic fields is always on the agenda of regional conferences organized by contractors in cooperation with us.
Noise
The level of noise emitted depends on the design of the power line and weather conditions (it increases significantly during drizzle and rain, which is beyond our control). Noise from the newly designed lines outside the right-of-way does not exceed environmental limits.
Transformers are the main sources of noise in our substations. In order to reduce noise, we use equipment with a reduced sound power level and modern technological solutions for cooling systems. In special cases, noise barriers are built.
We evaluate the impact of our projects on local communities for all our operations related to project implementation.
The purpose of the Feasibility Study (FS) development phase is to provide a detailed, in-depth analysis of the feasibility of the project route. It is based on specific studies, in particular accurate maps showing the route of the line (including pole spacing) or the location of the power substation in the commune. This allows analysing local conditions and identifying specific needs of the party in order to minimise any negative social impact of projects implemented.
As part of the work, modifications will be made to the foundation of electricity infrastructure on the basis of suggestions made by commune authorities.
These are subject to further consultation with local communities and, ultimately, to assessment within an environmental decision procedure.
At this stage, it is important to obtain information on:
- commune development plans in specific districts (source of information: municipal study, Geoportal, study of conditions and directions of spatial development (SUiKZP), local land development plan (MPZP), local development strategies, local government authority representatives),
- life plans of residents, building permits and individual planning permissions in specific districts (source of information: local government authority representatives, opinion leaders),
- potential problem situations in specific districts (source of information: local government representatives),
- opinion leaders in specific districts (source of information: local government representatives),
- the number of real property owners in the area where the project will be implemented (source of information: County Offices, land and building records),
- estimated value of utility easement (source of information: dedicated web portals regarding transaction prices in the commune).
At this stage of works, public consultations on the final form of the project are carried out. During the consultation meetings, residents provide their comments and suggestions on the line route, location of poles on the plots, location of the power substation, and access roads to the real properties where construction works will be carried out. The information is collected and analysed by the investor's representatives for possible implementation.
The information gathered in this way forms the basis for the development of the line route, which is assessed in an environmental decision procedure. Establishing and maintaining relations with stakeholders is important at this stage.
The Feasibility Study phase is intended to conduct a detailed, in-depth analysis of the feasibility of the investment option based on specific studies, in particular on detailed maps showing the line route (including spacing of poles) or the location of the substation in the commune area. This allows to analyze local conditions and identify specific needs of the party in order to minimize negative social impact of projects being implemented.